| 1. | Meridional heat transfer by large-scale eddies is most significant in the upper troposphere of middle latitude .
大尺度湍涡的子午线热输送在纬度对流层上层是最重要的。 |
| 2. | Is pulling super - cooled air all the way down from the upper troposphere
.正在把剧冷的空气从上对流层拉下来 |
| 3. | . . . is pulling super - cooled air all the way down from the upper troposphere
. . .正在把剧冷的空气从上对流层拉下来 |
| 4. | During the sand - dust storm , the high pv spreads evidently downward from the upper troposphere
沙尘暴期间，对流层高层大值位涡下传现象十分明显。 |
| 5. | The dynamic response to the heating imbalance is such as to converge heat into the upper troposphere of the desert regions
对这一加热不平衡的动力学响应结果导致热在这沙漠地带的对流层上部辐合。 |
| 6. | Whether in the aspect of total rain days or total rainfall amount in a year , ya ' an is always an extreme range , which has been called " ya - an - tian - lou " in chinese . the predicted average physical structures in the raining process are as follows : ( l ) positive vortex and convergent center in the lower and middle troposphere and negative vortex and divergent center in upper troposphere ; ( 2 ) the superposition of the low layer zonal - vertical circulation and the up layer zonal - vertical circulation forms a strong upward current
从6种不同方案对暴雨过程预报的实验看，不同的边界层参数化方案对雨带特征的模拟都具有一定的能力，同时模式模拟的降水对参数化方案的选取是敏感的，不同的参数化方案模拟出的降水范围和雨量分布有所差异，主要表现在降雨量中心强度及雨区分布上。 |
| 7. | In the upper troposphere , there is no intact asian active center . the troposphere structure of summertime ao is implicated with the horizontal heterogeneity of air temperature throughout the whole troposphere with its center over asian continent , which results in the zonal asymmetry and baroclinic structure of the summertime ao ( especially its asian center ) . on the contrary , the correlation between wintertime ao and sea - land thermal contrast confines in the lower troposphere , hence its zonal asymmetry and baroclinity in the lower level
夏季北极涛动的这种结构与对流层整层的温度水平分布不均匀性有密切联系，且这种温度分布差异主要体现在亚洲大陆，因而也就使北极涛动的中纬度亚洲中心呈现出比同纬度带其它区域更为明显的纬向非对称性和斜压性；而冬季北极涛动受下垫面海陆分布差异影响，其纬向非对称型和斜压性质主要出现在对流层中低层，在对流层高层表现出很强的环形模态和正压结构。 |
| 8. | The analysis of dry pv shows that the high pv dominate the area of typhoon , the higher is the center value of pv , the stronger is the typhoon . lt is also shown that the most important reason resulting in rainstorm is the cold air ( high pv ) which spreads to south from the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere and transports into the warm air . the joining situation of upper and lower pv area make vortex develop . pv transpotation reduces static stability , which increases the releasing of instability energy and makes rainstorm amplify
对干位涡的分析表明：台风或台风环流区为高值位涡区，台风越强，位涡中心值越大；对流层上部或平流层下部冷空气(高位涡)的扩散南下与暖湿气流的交汇是造成特大暴雨的重要原因，因为上游斜压性的发展使对流层顶发生折叠，平流层与对流层相互作用增强，上下位涡区相接的形势使低层涡旋发展，上升运动加强，位涡的下传有效地降低了静力稳定度，有利于位势不稳定能量的释放，使得暴雨增幅。 |
| 9. | The analyses suggest that the first and second categories of rainstorms are associated commonly with the strong inertial instability in the upper troposphere , as well as respectively with symmetry and convective instabilities , and their rainfall is large ; and the third and fourth categories generally produce stable precipitation with a small rainfall , and their upper tropospheres are usually inertially stable
分析湿位涡与梅雨暴雨中的惯性不稳定、对称不稳定、对流不稳定的关系发现：第1类暴雨往往与对称不稳定有关，第2类暴雨与对流不稳定有关，且这两类暴雨高层多具有强惯性不稳定，降水相对较大；第3 、第4类暴雨是稳定性降雨，高层一般不具备惯性不稳定，雨量一般较小。 |
